Module 04 B2. Electronic Fundamentals

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4.1 Semiconductors

4.1.1 Diodes

(a)

  1. Diode symbols;
  2. Diode characteristics and properties;
  3. Diodes in series and parallel;
  4. Main characteristics and use of silicon controlled rectifiers (thyristors), light emitting diode, photo conductive diode, varistor, rectifier diodes;
  5. Functional testing of diodes.

(b)

  1. Materials, electron configuration, electrical properties;
  2. P and N type materials: effects of impurities on conduction, majority
  3. and minority characters; PN junction in a semiconductor, development of a potential across a PN junction in unbiased, forward biased and reverse biased conditions;
  4. Diode parameters: peak inverse voltage, maximum forward current, temperature, frequency, leakage current, power dissipation;
  5. Operation and function of diodes in the following circuits: clippers, clampers, full and half wave rectifiers, bridge rectifiers, voltage doublers and triplers;
  6. Detailed operation and characteristics of the following devices: silicon controlled rectifier (thyristor), light emitting diode, Shottky diode, photo conductive diode, varactor diode, varistor, rectifier diodes, Zener diode.

4.1.2 Transistors

(a)

  1. Transistor symbols; Component description and orientation;
  2. Transistor characteristics and properties.

(b)

  1. Construction and operation of PNP and NPN transistors;
  2. Base, collector and emitter configurations;
  3. Testing of transistors.
  4. Basic appreciation of other transistor types and their uses.
  5. Application of transistors: classes of amplifier (A, B, C);
  6. Simple circuits including: bias, decoupling, feedback and stabilisation;
  7. Multistage circuit principles: cascades, push-pull, oscillators,
  8. multivibrators, flip-flop circuits
  9. (b) Description and operation of logic circuits and linear circuits;
  10. Introduction to operation and function of an operational amplifier used as: integrator, differentiator, voltage follower, comparator;
  11. Operation and amplifier stages connecting methods: resistive capacitive, inductive (transformer), inductive resistive (IR), direct;
  12. Advantages and disadvantages of positive and negative feedback.

4.2 Printed Circuit Boards

  1. Description and use of printed circuit boards.

(a)

  1. Understanding of the following terms: Open and closed loop, follow up, servomechanism, analogue, transducer, null, damping, feedback, deadband;
  2. Construction operation and use of the following synchro syst components: resolvers, differential, control and torque, E and I transformers, inductance transmitters, capacitance transmitters,
  3. synchronous transmitters;
  4. Servomechanism defects, reversal of synchro leads, hunting